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Battleship Bismarck
The Bismarck was a German battleship, the largest and most powerful capital ship in the Kriegsmarine. For all its weaponry and armour, the ship was involved in only one major operation which, after the sinking of the British battlecruiser...
Definition
Argula von Grumbach
Argula von Grumbach (née von Stauff, l. 1490 to c. 1564) was a Bavarian theologian, writer, and reformer, who became a controversial figure after her 1523 letter To the University of Ingolstadt protesting the arrest of a young scholar for...
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Berengar II of Italy’s Submission to Otto the Great
Berengar II (r. 950–961) of Italy submits to Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (962-973), labelled here as Teutonicorum rex, or King of the Germans, in 964. From the Chronicle of Bishop Otto of Freising (Manuscriptum Mediolanense), unknown artist...
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Italian & German Unification: Crash Course
So, we haven't talked much about Italy and Germany so far in Crash Course Euro, and that's because prior to the mid-19th Century CE, those two nation-states weren't really a thing. Today we'll look at how Italy and Germany pulled it together...
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Bismarck at Sea
A colourised version of a 1940 photograph of the German battleship Bismarck at sea. The ship was sunk in action in May 1941 in the Atlantic. (German Federal Archives)
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Map of the Bismarck's Route
A map showing the route taken by the German battleship Bismarck prior to its sinking in May 1941.
Article
Ten Women of the Protestant Reformation
Women played a vital role in the Protestant Reformation (1517-1648) not only by supporting the major reformers as wives but also through their own literary and political influence. Their contributions were largely marginalized in the past...
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Otto the Great and the Holy Roman Empire c. 972
A map illustrating the emergence of the Holy Roman Empire (after the final split of the Eastern and Western Franks in the late 9th century) as a loosely integrated union of German states and cities under the rule of Otto I, driven by tradition...
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Magdeburg Rider Statue of Otto the Great
This golden statue, called the Magdeburger Reiter, is believed to portray Otto I the Great (962-973), founder of the Holy Roman Empire.
Article
Polynesian Navigation & Settlement of the Pacific
Polynesian navigation of the Pacific Ocean and its settlement began thousands of years ago. The inhabitants of the Pacific islands had been voyaging across vast expanses of ocean water sailing in double canoes or outriggers using nothing...