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Argula von Grumbach
Argula von Grumbach (née von Stauff, l. 1490 to c. 1564) was a Bavarian theologian, writer, and reformer, who became a controversial figure after her 1523 letter To the University of Ingolstadt protesting the arrest of a young scholar for...
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Ten Women of the Protestant Reformation
Women played a vital role in the Protestant Reformation (1517-1648) not only by supporting the major reformers as wives but also through their own literary and political influence. Their contributions were largely marginalized in the past...
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Last Moments of the Girondins
Last Moments of the Girondins, painting by Karl von Piloty, 1880. Following their arrest on 2 June and their kangaroo court trial, 22 Girondin leaders are borne in a tumbril to the guillotine on 31 October 1793, during the Reign of Terror...
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Triumphal Entry of Germanicus into Rome
Thusnelda at the Triumphal Entry of Germanicus into Rome, oil on canvas painting by Karl Theodor von Piloty, 1875. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Gift of Horace Russell, 1887. The painting presents the triumphant return of Roman...
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Ulm Campaign
The Ulm Campaign (25 September to 20 October 1805) was a military operation during the War of the Third Coalition (1805-1806). Through a series of maneuvers, the 210,000 men of the French Grande Armée, led by Emperor Napoleon I, encircled...
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Madeira Landscape by Karl Briullov
An 1850 painting of the Madeira landscape by Karl Briullov. The scene shows the transport of barrels of Madeira wine on the Portuguese island. (State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg)
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Karl Mack von Leiberich
Karl Mack von Leiberich (1752-1828), Austrian general most famous for being defeated by Napoleon during the Ulm Campaign of September-October 1805, during the War of the Third Coalition. Illustration by an unknown artist, from the book...
Definition
Knights' Revolt
The Knight’s Revolt (1522-1523) was a military action led by the German imperial knight Franz von Sickingen (l. 1481-1523) and encouraged by the knight and writer Ulrich von Hutten (l. 1488-1523) launched to restore the status of the imperial...
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Ludwig van Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) was a German composer of Classical and Romantic music; he is widely regarded as one of the greatest musicians to have ever lived. Most famous for his nine symphonies, piano concertos, piano sonatas, and string...
Definition
Heimdall
Heimdall is a mysterious deity of Norse mythology whose main attribute refers to guarding the realm of the gods, Asgard, from his high fortress called Himinbjörg found at the top of Bifröst, the rainbow bridge. He has the might of sea and...