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Argula von Grumbach
Argula von Grumbach (née von Stauff, l. 1490 to c. 1564) was a Bavarian theologian, writer, and reformer, who became a controversial figure after her 1523 letter To the University of Ingolstadt protesting the arrest of a young scholar for...
Article
Ten Women of the Protestant Reformation
Women played a vital role in the Protestant Reformation (1517-1648) not only by supporting the major reformers as wives but also through their own literary and political influence. Their contributions were largely marginalized in the past...
Definition
Tartessos
The Tartessian culture existed from the 9th to the 6th centuries BCE in the south-westernmost part of Spain. The landscape between the modern cities Huelva and Cádiz is defined nowadays by the lower course of the Guadalquivir, but...
Definition
Ceide Fields
The Ceide Fields, near Ballycastle, Co. Mayo, on the western coast of Ireland, are recognised as one of the oldest and largest Stone Age farming sites in the world, dating back to c. 3700 BCE. The walls that have been discovered so far, rest...
Article
The Causes of WWII
The origins of the Second World War (1939-45) may be traced back to the harsh peace settlement of the First World War (1914-18) and the economic crisis of the 1930s, while more immediate causes were the aggressive invasions of their neighbours...
Definition
Knights' Revolt
The Knight’s Revolt (1522-1523) was a military action led by the German imperial knight Franz von Sickingen (l. 1481-1523) and encouraged by the knight and writer Ulrich von Hutten (l. 1488-1523) launched to restore the status of the imperial...
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Odin fighting Fenrir
Depiction by Emil Doepler from c. 1905 CE showing a scene from the Ragnarök (from Norse Mythology) in which Odin fights the wolf Fenrir. In the background are the god Freyr (on a horse) and the fire-giant Surtr.
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Loki's Brood
Loki's Brood by the German artist Emil Doepler, illustration from page 43 of Walhall, die Götterwelt der Germanen, Martin Oldenbourg, Berlin. 1905. The drawing depicts the Norse god Loki's three children by the giantess Angrboda (shown...
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After Ragnarök
After Ragnarök by Emil Doepler, illustration from page 58 of Walhall, die Götterwelt der Germanen. Martin Oldenbourg, Berlin, 1905. The scene depicts the line from the Völuspá "Waterfalls flow and eagles fly overhead, hunting for fish...
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Odin & the Prophetess
Norse god Odin questioning a seeress, reflecting the theme presented in the poem Völuspá, part of the Prose Edda. Illustation by Emil Doepler "the Younger" (1855–1922 CE), a German Art Nouveau illustrator and decorative artist. First published...