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Manila Galleon
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Manila Galleon

The Manila galleons were Spanish treasure ships which transported precious goods like silk, spices, and porcelain from Manila in the Philippines to Acapulco, Mexico, between 1565 and 1815. The Atlantic treasure fleets then shipped some of...
Hallstatt Culture
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Hallstatt Culture

The Hallstatt culture is named after the site of that name in Austria and it flourished in central Europe from the 8th to 6th century BCE. The full period of its presence extends from c. 1200 to c. 450 BCE - from the Late Bronze Age to the...
Religion in Colonial America
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Religion in Colonial America

Religion in Colonial America was dominated by Christianity although Judaism was practiced in small communities after 1654. Christian denominations included Anglicans, Baptists, Catholics, Congregationalists, German Pietists, Lutherans, Methodists...
Middle and Southern English Colonies
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Middle and Southern English Colonies

The establishment of the Middle and Southern English Colonies of North America was encouraged by the earlier English settlements of Jamestown Colony of Virginia in the south (founded 1607) and Plymouth Colony and, especially, Massachusetts...
A Map of the Southern Continent
Image by East India Company

A Map of the Southern Continent

"A complete map of the Southern Continent surveyed by Captain Abel Tasman (1603-1659 CE) and depicted by order of the East India Company in Holland in the Stadt House at Amsterdam, 1774 CE." The map shows the western mainland of Australia...
Power Looms in a Textile Mill
Image by J. Tingle

Power Looms in a Textile Mill

An 1835 engraving by J. Tingle (from an illustration by T. Allom) of power looms in a textile mill during the Industrial Revolution. The power loom weaving machine was invented by Edmund Cartwright (1743-1823) in 1785. The machine doubled...
Viceroyalty of New Spain, c. 1800
Image by Simeon Netchev

Viceroyalty of New Spain, c. 1800

A map depicting the Viceroyalty of New Spain (the first of four viceroyalties that the Spanish Crown established to govern its conquests) which, at its height, comprised five royal audiencias and over twelve Catholic dioceses covering vast...
Westward Exploration and Settlement of the United States c.1850
Image by Simeon Netchev

Westward Exploration and Settlement of the United States c.1850

A map illustrating the patterns and routes of westward exploration and settlement in the United States after the “Louisiana Purchase” from France in 1803. As Napoleonic dreams of a great North American Empire gave way to French hegemonic...
The Art of War by Sun-Tzu
Image by Coelacan

The Art of War by Sun-Tzu

A bamboo version of 'The Art of War' (composed late 6th century BCE) widely attributed to the Chinese military strategist Sun-Tzu. (University of California, Riverside)
Vishnu with Lakshmi and Saravati
Image by James Blake Wiener

Vishnu with Lakshmi and Saravati

The Hindu god Vishnu, the "preserver of the universe," is flanked by two female figures. His sister Sarasvati, the patron goddess of knowledge and the arts, stands to his proper left, playing a stringed instrument called a vina that is her...
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