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Hosoviotissa Monastery, Amorgos Greece
The monastery of Hosoviotissa, Chora Village, Amorgos, Greece. Built in 1017 CE and utilized to protect a religious icon from pirates. Renovated in 1088 CE and still in use in the present day. Amorgos, the easternmost isle of Cyclades, was...
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The Heliocentric Universe by Copernicus
A 1520-41 CE illustration of the heliocentric view of our solar system from 'De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium' by Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543 CE). Copernicus was a Polish astronomer who famously proposed that the Earth and other planets...
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Ptolemaic Universe
A 17th-century map by Jan van Loon of the cosmos as proposed by the astronomer and geographer Claudius Ptolemy (c. 100 - c. 170 CE).
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The Curvature of the Universe (Philippeion in the Altis of Olympia)
The Philippeion in the Altis of Olympia was designed by the Athenian sculptor Leochares to celebrate Philip of Macedon's victory at the Battle of Chaeronea (338 BCE).
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Kepler's Platonic Solid Universe Model
A diagram showing the idea of Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) that the planets of the universe were made up of Platonic solids set within each other. From Kepler's Mysterium Cosmographicum (1596)
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Aristarchus of Samos
Aristarchus of Samos (l. c. 310 - c. 230 BCE) was a Greek astronomer who first proposed a heliocentric model of the universe in which the sun, not the earth, was at the center. Although his theory was noted by other thinkers of his time...
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Vishnu
Vishnu, Preserver of the Universe, circa 1100 CE, India, The National museum of Denmark (Copenhagen, Denmark). Made with Memento Beta (now ReMake) from AutoDesk. The stone sculpture next to the showcase shows Vishnu resting on top of Sesha...
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Philolaus
Philolaus (l. c. 470 to c. 385 BCE) was a Pythagorean philosopher who claimed that fire was the first cause of existence and heat the underlying source of human life. He is best known for his pyrocentric model of the universe, which replaced...
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Greek Astronomy
Ancient Greek astronomy was the study of the universe to understand how it functioned and why apart from the established theistic model that claimed all things were ordered and maintained by the gods. Ancient Greek astronomers relied on observation...
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Lao-Tzu
Lao-Tzu (l. c. 500 BCE, also known as Laozi or Lao-Tze) was a Chinese philosopher credited with founding the philosophical system of Taoism. He is best known as the author of the Laozi (later retitled the Tao-Te-Ching translated as “The Way...