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Natural Rights & the Enlightenment
The idea of natural rights is the concept used in philosophy and legal studies that a person has certain rights from birth and which, because they were not awarded by a particular state or legal authority, cannot be removed, that is, they...
Definition
State of Nature
The state of nature is an idea which became especially popular with certain philosophers during the Enlightenment, notably Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), John Locke (1632-1704), and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778). It refers to a state of existence...
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Second-Wave Civilization Natural Resources and Trade
A map illustrating the rise and spread of the Second Wave Civilizations between c. 500 BCE and 200 CE (including the Persians, the Greeks, the Romans, the Chinese, and India) with the flows of trade in major goods and resources.
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Writing the Declaration of Independence
A painting by Jean Leon Gerome Ferris showing Thomas Jefferson (right), Benjamin Franklin (left), and John Adams drafting the U.S. Declaration of Independence in 1776. (Virginia Historical Society, Library of Congress)
Interview
Interview: Super/Natural: Textiles of the Andes
Over the course of several millennia, textiles were the primary form of aesthetic expression and communication for the diverse cultures that developed throughout the desert coasts and mountain highlands of the Andean region. Worn as garments...
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Chart Showing the Number of Men in Napoleon's Russian Campaign of 1812
Charles Minard's famous 1869 chart detailing the number of men in Napoleon's Grande Armée during his 1812 invasion of Russia; the tan represents the men who invaded Russia itself, while the black represents the retreat from Moscow. The way...
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Figure 1 - Decline in the number of recorded sites and cemeteries in Greece
Recorded sites and cemeteries in Greece. (a) LH IIIB period , shows a total of 628 sites and cemeteries. (b) LH IIIC period, shows a total of 147, a reduction of slightly over 75% in the number of recorded sites and cemeteries. (Source...
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Bering Land Bridge Natural Preserve
Bering Land Bridge Natural Preserve. Many parts of this area look similar to how it may have looked when the first humans arrived there, perhaps around 30,000 years ago. From there on, early humans may have crossed to the Americas by around...
Video
Virtual autopsy: exploring a natural mummy from early Egypt
The life and death of Gebelein Man Found in around 1896, the mummy known as Gebelein man was buried in about 3500 BC at the site of Gebelein in Upper Egypt. He has been in the British Museum collection for over 100 years, but it was not...
Book Review
Fatal Revolutions: Natural History, West Indian Slavery, and the Routes of American Literature
Christopher Iannini’s Fatal Revolutions: Natural History, West Indian Slavery, and the Routes of American Literature successfully ties seemingly disparate themes of slavery, American literature, and natural history together. By focusing on...