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Natural Rights & the Enlightenment
The idea of natural rights is the concept used in philosophy and legal studies that a person has certain rights from birth and which, because they were not awarded by a particular state or legal authority, cannot be removed, that is, they...
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The First Coal Gas Street Lighting
An 1809 engraving by Thomas Rowlandson from an original drawing by Woodward showing the public's reaction to the first coal gas street lighting in Pall Mall, London in 1807. The new lights were invented by Frederick Albert Winsor (1763-1830...
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Portrait of René-Hillaire De Gas
An 1857 oil on canvas, Portrait of René-Hillaire De Gas, by Edgar Degas (1834-1917), the French impressionist painter. Degas first made a name for himself as a portrait painter. Here he captures his grandfather, a prominent Neapolitan entrepreneur...
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Second-Wave Civilization Natural Resources and Trade
A map illustrating the rise and spread of the Second Wave Civilizations between c. 500 BCE and 200 CE (including the Persians, the Greeks, the Romans, the Chinese, and India) with the flows of trade in major goods and resources.
Definition
State of Nature
The state of nature is an idea which became especially popular with certain philosophers during the Enlightenment, notably Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), John Locke (1632-1704), and Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778). It refers to a state of existence...
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Pawnee Morning Star Ritual Miniature Model
A miniature model (diorama) of the Pawnee Morning Star Ritual from the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Kailasanathar Temple, Kanchipuram
The Temple site of Kanchipuram. LIKE | SHARE | SUBSCRIBE to Natural studios :) Subscribe : https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=naturalstudios1 —————————————————————————————————————-...
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Bering Land Bridge Natural Preserve
Bering Land Bridge Natural Preserve. Many parts of this area look similar to how it may have looked when the first humans arrived there, perhaps around 30,000 years ago. From there on, early humans may have crossed to the Americas by around...
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Coal Mining in the British Industrial Revolution
Coal mining boomed during the British Industrial Revolution as it provided fuel for steam engines of all kinds in factories, transport, and agriculture. Draining flooded mines to extract more coal was the reason the steam engine was invented...
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Inca Silver Alpaca
A silver alpaca from the Inca civilization of Peru, c. 1400 and 1533 CE. (American Museum of Natural history, New York)