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Summertime by Cassatt
An 1894 oil on canvas, Summertime, by Mary Cassatt (1844-1926), the American impressionist painter. Here Cassatt uses her impressionist skills to catch the effects of light on the water. (Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, Bentonville...
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Battle of the Long Bridges
Battle During the Retreat of Germanicus (Kampf beim Rückzug des Germanicus), oil on canvas painting by Ferdinand Leeke, 1898. Berlin State Museums, Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation. Photo by Andres Kilger. The painting presents...
Definition
Theodosian Walls
The Theodosian Walls are the fortifications of Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire, which were first built during the reign of Theodosius II (408-450 CE). Sometimes known as the Theodosian Long Walls, they built upon and extended...
Definition
Medieval Castle
Medieval castles were built from the 11th century CE for rulers to demonstrate their wealth and power to the local populace, to provide a place of defence and safe retreat in the case of attack, defend strategically important sites like river...
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Roman Walls
The many Roman walls still visible today throughout Europe and the Mediterranean, be they defensive walls such as the Servian Wall or house and monument walls, tell us a great deal about the evolution of Roman construction techniques. Roman...
Definition
Wall
The English word 'wall' is derived from the Latin, vallus meaning 'a stake' or 'post' and designated the wood-stake and earth palisade which formed the outer edge of a fortification. The palisades were in use early on and are mentioned by...
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Piraeus & The Long Walls
An illustration of the Long Walls fortifications which connected the city of Athens to its port of Piraeus from the 5th century BCE.
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Chester Walls: Civil War Damage
Siege damage to the Chester City Walls following the First English Civil War, 1645 - 1646 CE.
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Gate, Theodosian Walls
One of the ten gates of the Theodosian Walls of Constantinople, completed c. 413 CE.
Definition
Byzantine Architecture
The architecture of the Byzantine Empire (4th - 15th century CE) continued its early Roman traditions but architects also added new structures to their already formidable repertoire, notably improved fortification walls and domed churches...
