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Wall
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Wall

The English word 'wall' is derived from the Latin, vallus meaning 'a stake' or 'post' and designated the wood-stake and earth palisade which formed the outer edge of a fortification. The palisades were in use early on and are mentioned by...
Great Wall of China
Definition by Emily Mark

Great Wall of China

The Great Wall of China is a barrier fortification in northern China running west-to-east 13,171 miles (21,196 km) from the Jiayuguan Pass (in the west) to the Hushan Mountains in Liaoning Province in the east, ending at the Bohai Gulf. It...
Hadrian's Wall
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Hadrian's Wall

Hadrian's Wall (known in antiquity as the Vallum Hadriani or the Vallum Aelian) is a defensive frontier work in northern Britain which dates from 122 CE. The wall ran from coast to coast at a length of 73 statute miles (120 km). Though the...
Antonine Wall
Definition by Dr Darrell J. Rohl

Antonine Wall

The Antonine Wall was the north-west frontier of the Roman Empire. Located in central Scotland, north of Edinburgh and Glasgow, the Wall was a linear barrier that stretched from the Firth of Forth near Bo'ness to the Clyde estuary at Old...
Ancient Scotland
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Ancient Scotland

Scotland is a country which, today, comprises the northern part of Great Britain and includes the islands known as the Hebrides and the Orkneys. The name derives from the Roman word "Scotti" which designated an Irish tribe who invaded the...
Roman Walls
Article by Victor Labate

Roman Walls

The many Roman walls still visible today throughout Europe and the Mediterranean, be they defensive walls such as the Servian Wall or house and monument walls, tell us a great deal about the evolution of Roman construction techniques. Roman...
Legions of Britain
Article by Donald L. Wasson

Legions of Britain

After the Roman emperor Claudius (r. 41-54 CE) successfully conquered Britain in 43 CE, four legions were left there to maintain the peace: XIV Gemina, II Augusta, IX Hispana, and XX Valeria Victrix. However, by the end of the decade, XIV...
Interview: Rome Strategy of Empire by James Lacey
Interview by Kelly Macquire

Interview: Rome Strategy of Empire by James Lacey

In this interview, World History Encyclopedia sits down with author James Lacey to chat about his new book Rome: Strategy of Empire published by Oxford University Press. Kelly: Can you tell us a little bit about your background? James...
Roman Britain
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Roman Britain

Britain was a significant addition to the ever-expanding Roman Empire. For decades, Rome had been conquering the Mediterranean Sea – defeating Carthage in the Punic Wars, overwhelming Macedon and Greece, and finally marching into Syria and...
Paris Street, A Rainy Day by Caillebotte
Image by Art Institute of Chicago

Paris Street, A Rainy Day by Caillebotte

An 1877 oil on canvas, Paris Street, A Rainy Day, by Gustave Caillebotte (1848-96) the French impressionist painter. Strict geometry is a feature of the artist's work and can be seen here in the strong horizontal and vertical lines, notably...
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