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Heinrich Schliemann
Image by Ed. Schultze Hofphotograph Heidelberg Plöckstrasse 79

Heinrich Schliemann

German pioneer archaeologist Johann Ludwig Heinrich Julius Schliemann (1822-1890), whose excavations revealed what is universally accepted to be the site of Troy in what is now Hisarlik in modern-day Turkey. Photo taken by Ed. Schultze Hofphotograph...
Olympia Fulvia Morata
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Olympia Fulvia Morata

Olympia Fulvia Morata (l. 1526-1555, also given as Olimpia) was an Italian scholar, poet, and writer who sought to advance the Protestant Reformation in Italy. She was considered one of the greatest classical scholars of her time but was...
Martin Bucer
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Martin Bucer

Martin Bucer (l. 1491-1551) was a German reformer and theologian who had been a Dominican friar and priest until converted to the Protestant vision by Martin Luther (l. 1483-1546) c. 1518. Bucer is best known for his focus on unity among...
Pandulf IV Imprisoned by the Emperor
Image by Heidelberg University Library

Pandulf IV Imprisoned by the Emperor

Pandulf IV of Capua being imprisoned by Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor (r. 1014-1024), illustration from Cod. Pal. germ. 149, Bl. 198v, c. 1450. Heidelberg University Library.
Homo Heidelbergensis
Definition by Emma Groeneveld

Homo Heidelbergensis

Homo heidelbergensis is an extinct species of human that is identified in both Africa and western Eurasia from roughly 700,000 years ago onwards until around 200,000 years ago – fitting snugly within the Middle Pleistocene. Named for...
The Ancient Mound of Bakr Awa, Sulaimaniya, Kurdistan
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

The Ancient Mound of Bakr Awa, Sulaimaniya, Kurdistan

Bakr Awa is a mound southeast of the modern city of Sulaimaniya, near the city of Halabja, within the Sharazor plain, Iraqi Kurdistan. A German archaeological team headed by Professor Peter Miglus (of the University of Heidelberg) has been...
Parzival
Image by Felistoria

Parzival

Wolfram von Eschenbach's Parzival. 15th-century CE manuscript, Heidelberg, Cod. Pal. germ. 339, 135r
Argula von Grumbach's To the University of Ingolstadt
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Argula von Grumbach's To the University of Ingolstadt

To the University of Ingolstadt (1523) is an open letter by the German reformer Argula von Grumbach (l. 1490 to c. 1564) protesting the dismissal, arrest, and imprisonment of the young scholar Arsacius Seehofer (l. c. 1504 to c. 1539) for...
Title Page of To the University of Ingolstadt
Image by Argula von Grumbach

Title Page of To the University of Ingolstadt

Title page of To the University of Ingolstadt (1523), an open letter by the German reformer Argula von Grumbach (l. 1490 to c. 1564) protesting the dismissal, arrest, and imprisonment of the young scholar Arsacius Seehofer (l. c. 1504 to...
John Wesley Gilbert
Definition by Prof. John W. I. Lee / Oxford University Press

John Wesley Gilbert

Born into slavery in rural Georgia, John Wesley Gilbert (1863-1923) rose to national prominence as a scholar, teacher, community leader, and Christian missionary. During 1890-91, he was the first African American member of the American School...
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