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Battle of Karbala
Article by Syed Muhammad Khan

Battle of Karbala

The Battle of Karbala (10 October 680 CE) was a small-scaled military engagement, fought near the river Euphrates, in modern-day Iraq, which saw the massacre of heavily outnumbered Alid troops under the command of Husayn ibn Ali (l. 626-680...
Umayyad Dynasty
Definition by Syed Muhammad Khan

Umayyad Dynasty

The Umayyad Dynasty (661-750 CE), the first dynasty to take the title of Caliphate, was established in 661 CE by Muawiya (l. c. 602-680 CE), who had served as the governor of Syria under the Rashidun Caliphate, after the death of the fourth...
Ibn Battuta
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Ibn Battuta

Ibn Battuta (l. 1304-1368/69) was a Moroccan explorer from Tangier whose expeditions took him further than any other traveler of his time and resulted in his famous work, The Rihla of Ibn Battuta. Scholar Douglas Bullis notes that “rihla”...
Calligraphic Representation of Husayn's Name
Image by Effective Light

Calligraphic Representation of Husayn's Name

An adapted version of the calligraphic pane of Husayn ibn Ali in the Hagia Sophia, Istanbul.
First Fitna
Definition by Syed Muhammad Khan

First Fitna

The First Fitna (656-661 CE) was the first civil war of the Islamic Empire fought between the fourth Rashidun Caliph, Ali ibn Abi Talib (656-661 CE), and the governor of Syria, Muawiya (later Muawiya I; r. 661-680 CE). Deep fissures divided...
Anahita
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Anahita

Anahita is the ancient Persian goddess of fertility, water, health and healing, and wisdom. Owing to her association with life-giving properties, she also came to be connected with ancient Persian warfare as soldiers would pray to her for...
The Genius of their Age: Ibn Sina, Biruni, and the Lost Enlightenment
Video by Kelly Macquire

The Genius of their Age: Ibn Sina, Biruni, and the Lost Enlightenment

A vibrant portrait of an age when Arabic enlightenment anticipated and inspired the European Renaissance, illuminated by its guiding figures and rivals, Ibn Sina and Biruni. In The Genius of their Age, S. Frederick Starr follows up his...
Arabic Inscription from Petra
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Arabic Inscription from Petra

Over a thousand years old, this Arabic inscription was found in Wadi Musa, just outside of Petra. This limestone block was a tombstone dedicated to the memory of an important man then, Abu al-Husayn ibn Abdullah, who died in 787 CE. The inscription...
Imam Husayn Shrine, Karbala
Image by SFC Larry E. Johns, USA

Imam Husayn Shrine, Karbala

This is a photograph of the Shrine of Imam Husayn (l. 626-680 CE) in Karbala, the same place where he met his end during the Battle of Karbala (680 CE). Today the place is visited and revered by millions of Muslims.
Roger I of Sicily
Definition by Christopher L. Serafin

Roger I of Sicily

Roger I, also known as Roger Bosso (c. 1031-1101) was a Norman knight and adventurer best known for conquering The Emirate of Sicily during the 11th century. His lifelong efforts helped lay the foundations of a wealthy new Mediterranean state...
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