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Catherine the Great
Definition by Liana Miate

Catherine the Great

Catherine II of Russia (Catherine the Great) was empress regent of Russia from 1762-1796. She was born in Prussia to Prince Christian August of Anhalt-Zerbst (1690-1747) and Princess Johanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp (1712-1760), and...
Napoleon's Invasion of Russia
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Napoleon's Invasion of Russia

Napoleon's invasion of Russia, also known as the Second Polish War or, in Russia, as the Patriotic War of 1812, was a campaign undertaken by French Emperor Napoleon I (r. 1804-1814; 1815) and his 615,000-man Grande Armée against the Russian...
Great Northern War
Definition by Liana Miate

Great Northern War

The Great Northern War took place from 1700 to 1721 and was fought between Russia and Sweden during the reign of Peter I of Russia (Peter the Great). One of the key causes of the war was Peter the Great’s desire to have territory on the Baltic...
Sumerian Language
Definition by Jason Moser

Sumerian Language

The Sumerian language was spoken in southern Mesopotamia before the 2nd millennium BCE and was the first language to be written in the cuneiform script. It is an isolate language meaning we know of no other languages that relate to it ancestrally...
Romani Language
Definition by Arienne King

Romani Language

Romani is an Indo-European language, belonging to the Indic subbranch which includes Sanskrit and Hindi. Because of the Romani diaspora throughout Europe and West Asia, it developed in close contact with European and Iranian languages. It...
Peter the Great and the Russian Empire, c. 1725
Image by Simeon Netchev

Peter the Great and the Russian Empire, c. 1725

A map illustrating the state and expansion of the Russian Empire, c. 1725, during the reign of Peter I Alekseyevich (commonly known as Peter the Great), a ruler of Russia who started as a Russian Tsar in 1682, only to become the first Emperor...
Catherine the Great and the Russian Empire, c. 1796
Image by Simeon Netchev

Catherine the Great and the Russian Empire, c. 1796

A map illustrating the state of the Russian Empire, c. 1796, during the reign of Ekaterina II Alekseyevna (born Princess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst), commonly known as Catherine the Great. Longest ruling Russian Empress (1762 – 1796), she continued...
Etruscan Language
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Etruscan Language

The language of the Etruscans, like the people themselves, has remained somewhat mysterious and has yet to be fully understood. The alphabet used a western Greek script, but the language has presented difficulties to scholars because it is...
Indo-European Languages
Definition by Cristian Violatti

Indo-European Languages

The Indo-European languages are a family of related languages that today are widely spoken in the Americas, Europe, and also Western and Southern Asia. Just as languages such as Spanish, French, Portuguese and Italian are all descended from...
Battle of Borodino
Article by Harrison W. Mark

Battle of Borodino

The Battle of Borodino (7 September 1812) was a major battle fought during Napoleon's invasion of Russia. It saw the French Grande Armée of Emperor Napoleon I (r. 1804-1814; 1815) narrowly defeat an imperial Russian army under Mikhail Kutuzov...
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