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Plastered Skull from Jericho
This human skull and its face were modeled in plaster. The eye sockets were inlaid with bivalve shells, divided into two halves. Many human bodies were found headless in tombs in Jericho area from the Neolithic period; these skulls were removed...
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Aqueduct of Jezzar Pasha
A portion of an Ottoman-Period Palestinian aqueduct constructed during the reign of Jezzar Pasha, Ottoman ruler of Acre (1775–1804 CE). The aqueduct runs from Tel Kabri to Acre in Northern Israel and functioned all the way up to 1948 CE...
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Plaster Model of Human Head
This human head and its face were modeled in plaster and the mouth area was filled in completely. The eye sockets were inlaid with bivalve shells, divided into two halves. Many human bodies were found headless in tombs in Jericho area from...
Article
The Crusades: Consequences & Effects
The crusades of the 11th to 15th century CE have become one of the defining events of the Middle Ages in both Europe and the Middle East. The campaigns brought significant consequences wherever they occurred but also pushed changes within...
Definition
Samaritans
The Samaritans are a religious sect of ethnic Jews living near Mount Gerizim, Nablus, Hebron, and the West Bank in Israel. This community differs from mainstream Judaism by claiming that followers only accept the five books of Moses (Torah...
Definition
Islam
Islam is an Abrahamic-monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Prophet Muhammad ibn Abdullah (l. 570-632 CE, after whose name Muslims traditionally add “peace be upon him” or, in writing, PBUH). Alongside Christianity and Judaism...
Definition
Diodorus Siculus
Diodorus Siculus or Diodorus of Sicily (active 1st century BCE) was a Greek historian, known for his universal history Bibliotheca Historica. Originally, it was a 40-volume monumental work, covering the history of the Mediterranean region...
Article
The Delian League, Part 6: The Decelean War and the Fall of Athens (413/2-404/3 BCE)
This text is part of an article series on the Delian League. The sixth and last phase of the Delian League begins with the Decelean War, also referred to as the Ionian War, and ends with the surrender of Athens (413/2 – 404/3 BCE). The...
Image Gallery
Reconstructions of UNESCO World Heritage Sites
This gallery presents six digital reconstructions of UNESCO World Heritage Sites threatened by forces like climate change, terrorism, and urbanization. Included are sites ranging from Jerusalem to Micronesia, with dates spanning from antiquity...
Definition
Civilization
Civilization (from the Latin civis=citizen and civitas=city) is a term applied to any society which has developed a writing system, government, production of surplus food, division of labor, and urbanization. The term is difficult to define...