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Sacred Band of Thebes
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Sacred Band of Thebes

The Sacred Band of Thebes was an elite unit of the Theban army comprised of 150 gay male couples totaling 300 men. They were formed under the leadership of Gorgidas but first achieved fame under the general Pelopidas. They remained invincible...
Mao Oasis, Chad
Image by Notrchad

Mao Oasis, Chad

The Mao oasis in Chad, Africa, site of the ancient Kingdom of Kanem (9-14th century CE).
Sabratha
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Sabratha

Sabratha was an ancient port city on the coast of North Africa (in modern-day Libya). The site was originally inhabited by the indigenous Berber Zwagha tribe in the 8th century BCE (according to the 11th-century CE historian al-Bakari) who...
What's Left of Big Foot's Band - Wounded Knee Massacre Survivors
Image by John C. H. Grabill

What's Left of Big Foot's Band - Wounded Knee Massacre Survivors

Photo known as "What's Left of Big Foot's Band" by John C. H. Grabill, January 1891, showing the surviving members of the people of Lakota Sioux Chief Spotted Elk (also known as Big Foot, l. 1826-1890) after the Wounded Knee Massacre of 29...
Oxus
Definition by Antoine Simonin

Oxus

The Oxus is a river, today called Amu Darya in its western part and Wakhsh in its eastern parts, which flows for a length of 2400 km across modern Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan into Lake Aral. In Ancient times it crossed...
Pelopidas
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Pelopidas

Pelopidas (c. 410 - 364 BCE) was a gifted Theban general and leader of the elite Sacred Band who, along with Epaminondas, is credited with helping Thebes rise to its greatest power. Defeating the mighty Spartans in several battles Pelopidas...
Thebes (Greece)
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Thebes (Greece)

Thebes is a town in central Greece which has been continuously inhabited for five millennia. It was an important Mycenaean centre in the middle to late Bronze Age and was a powerful city-state in the Classical period, participating in both...
Battle of Leuctra
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Battle of Leuctra

The Battle of Leuctra in 371 BCE gave Thebes a decisive victory over Sparta and established Thebes as the most powerful city-state in Greece. The victory was achieved through the daring and brilliant pre-meditated tactics of the Theban general...
Hoplite
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Hoplite

A hoplite (from ta hopla meaning tool or equipment) was the most common type of heavily armed foot-soldier in ancient Greece from the 7th to 4th centuries BCE, and most ordinary citizens of Greek city-states with sufficient means were expected...
Carthaginian Army
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Carthaginian Army

The armies of Carthage permitted the city to forge the most powerful empire in the western Mediterranean from the 6th to 3rd centuries BCE. Although by tradition a seafaring nation with a powerful navy, Carthage, by necessity, had to employ...
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