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Manila Galleon
The Manila galleons were Spanish treasure ships which transported precious goods like silk, spices, and porcelain from Manila in the Philippines to Acapulco, Mexico, between 1565 and 1815. The Atlantic treasure fleets then shipped some of...
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Westward Exploration and Settlement of the United States c.1850
A map illustrating the patterns and routes of westward exploration and settlement in the United States after the “Louisiana Purchase” from France in 1803. As Napoleonic dreams of a great North American Empire gave way to French hegemonic...
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Power Looms in a Textile Mill
An 1835 engraving by J. Tingle (from an illustration by T. Allom) of power looms in a textile mill during the Industrial Revolution. The power loom weaving machine was invented by Edmund Cartwright (1743-1823) in 1785. The machine doubled...
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Viceroyalty of New Spain, c. 1800
A map depicting the Viceroyalty of New Spain (the first of four viceroyalties that the Spanish Crown established to govern its conquests) which, at its height, comprised five royal audiencias and over twelve Catholic dioceses covering vast...
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The Art of War by Sun-Tzu
A bamboo version of 'The Art of War' (composed late 6th century BCE) widely attributed to the Chinese military strategist Sun-Tzu. (University of California, Riverside)
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Vishnu with Lakshmi and Saravati
The Hindu god Vishnu, the "preserver of the universe," is flanked by two female figures. His sister Sarasvati, the patron goddess of knowledge and the arts, stands to his proper left, playing a stringed instrument called a vina that is her...
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Witchcraft at Salem Village
An engraving depicting the Salem Witch Trials, the central figure depicted in the engraving is usually identified as Mary Wolcott (1675 – c. 1752 CE). From Pioneers in the settlement of America: from Florida in 1510 to California in 1849...
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Cat Mummy
A mummified cat from Egypt, late Ptolemaic Period. (Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum, San Jose, California).
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Alluvial Fan
An alluvial fan located in Badwater, California.
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Ghost Dance Shirt
A painted buckskin Ghost Dance shirt, Arapaho, c. 1890.
Blackhawk Museum, Danville, California.
Photo by Jim Heaphy.