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Robert Guiscard with Pope Nicholas II
Robert Guiscard (c. 1015-1085) is proclaimed Duke of Apulia, Calabria, and Sicily by Pope Nicholas II, illustration from the Nuova Cronica of Giovanni Villani, 14th century.
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Chain Tower and Saint Nicholas Tower
Chain Tower and Saint Nicholas Tower, La Rochelle, France.
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Elizabeth I Pelican Portrait
The c. 1574 CE 'Pelican Portrait' by Nicholas Hilliard of Elizabeth I of England (r. 1558-1603 CE). The portrait takes its name from the brooch the queen is wearing over her dress studded with pearls and square-cut jewels. The pelican was...
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Elizabeth I Phoenix Portrait
A c. 1575 CE portrait of Elizabeth I of England (r. 1588-1603 CE) known as the 'Phoenix Portrait'. The work is by Nicholas Hilliard (1547-1619) and is named after the pendant the queen wears hanging on her chest. The phoenix symbolizes regeneration...
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Elizabeth I Hardwick Hall Portrait
A c. 1598 CE portrait of Elizabeth I of England (r. 1558-1603 CE). Attributed to Nicholas Hilliard (1547-1619) or his former apprentice Rowland Lockey (c.1566-1616). The queen was into her sixties at the time of this portrait and, though...
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The Canterbury Tales
The Canterbury Tales (written c. 1388-1400 CE) is a medieval literary work by the poet Geoffrey Chaucer (l. c. 1343-1400 CE) comprised of 24 tales related to a number of literary genres and touching on subjects ranging from fate to God's...
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Despotate of Epirus
The Despotate of Epirus was one of the successor states of the Byzantine Empire when it disintegrated following the Fourth Crusade's capture of Constantinople in 1204 CE. It was originally the most successful of those successor states, coming...
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Children's Crusade
The so-called Children's Crusade of 1212 CE, was a popular, double religious movement led by a French youth, Stephen of Cloyes, and a German boy, Nicholas of Cologne, who gathered two armies of perhaps 20,000 children, adolescents, and adults...
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Robert Guiscard
Robert Guiscard (1015-1085) was a Norman knight best known for conquering much of Southern Italy and Sicily during the 11th century. His many exploits include the expulsion of the Byzantines from Italy, support of a reformist papacy, and...
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Leo VI
Leo VI was emperor of the Byzantine empire from 886-912 CE. He was the second emperor of the Macedonian dynasty and is sometimes known as “Leo the Wise” in reference to his prolific literary output which ranged from orations to...