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Antonio Vivaldi
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Antonio Vivaldi

Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741) was an Italian violin virtuoso and composer of baroque music (c. 1600-1750). Best known for his violin concertos, notably The Four Seasons, Vivaldi made a significant contribution to the evolution of instrumental...
Don Antonio of Portugal
Image by Unknown Artist

Don Antonio of Portugal

An illustration of Don Antonio of Portugal (l. 1531-1595 CE) who in 1580 CE was deposed as king by Philip II of Spain (r. 1556-1598 CE). One of the aims of the failed 1589 CE Drake-Norris Expedition which attacked Lisbon was to reinstall...
Ferdinand Magellan
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Ferdinand Magellan

Ferdinand Magellan, or Fernão de Magalhães (c. 1480-1521), was a Portuguese mariner whose expedition was the first to circumnavigate the globe in 1519-22 in the service of Spain. Magellan was killed on the voyage in what is today the Philippines...
Antonio I Acciaioli
Image by Francesco Fanelli

Antonio I Acciaioli

Antonio I Acciaioli (r. 1403-1435 CE), Duke of Athens. Illustration from Atene Attica Descritta da suoi Principii sino all’acquisto fatto dall’Armi Venete nel 1687…, Venice, Antonio Bortoli, 1695 edition, by Francesco Fanelli
Duchy of Athens
Definition by Michael Goodyear

Duchy of Athens

The Duchy of Athens was a Latin or Frankish state in Greece that existed from 1205 to 1458 CE. It was created in the aftermath of the Fourth Crusade (1202-1204 CE) and would be ruled for the majority of its history by the Burgundian de la...
Drake-Norris Expedition
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Drake-Norris Expedition

The Drake-Norris expedition of April-July 1589 CE, otherwise known as the Don Antonio Expedition, English Armada or Portugal Expedition, was an unsuccessful attempt by a large English naval and army force to destroy the remaining ships of...
El Dorado
Definition by Mark Cartwright

El Dorado

El Dorado ('Gilded Man' or 'Golden One') referred to the legendary kings of the Muisca (Chibcha) people who populated the northern Andes of modern-day Colombia from 600 to 1600. The name derives from the coronation ritual when the new king...
Andrea Palladio
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Andrea Palladio

Andrea Palladio (1508-1580 CE) was an Italian Renaissance architect most famous for the villas he designed in and around Vicenza and two large churches in Venice. Palladio blended elements of classical architecture, particularly the orders...
Map of Cochin
Image by António Bocarro; Pedro Barreto de Resende

Map of Cochin

A 1635 map of Portuguese Cochin on the southwest coast of India. Cochin (modern Kochi) was a major hub of the spice trade and was colonised by Portugal in the early years of the 16th century. (Livro das Plantas de Todas as Fortalezas, António...
Philip II of Spain by Moro
Image by Antonio Moro

Philip II of Spain by Moro

A 16th century CE portrait by Giacomo Antonio Moro of Philip II of Spain (r. 1556-1598 CE).
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