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Sumer
Sumer was the southernmost region of ancient Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq and Kuwait) which is generally considered the cradle of civilization. The name comes from Akkadian, the language of the north of Mesopotamia, and means “land of the...
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Enlightened Monarchs: Crash Course
Last time we learned about the Enlightenment, and the philosophers and thinkers whose ideas would shape governance for hundred of years. This week, we're learning how monarchs across Europe were influenced by those ideas. Adoption of Enlightenment...
Definition
French Revolutionary Wars
The French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802) were a series of conflicts that arose from the tensions surrounding the French Revolution (1789-1799). The wars were fought between Revolutionary France and several European powers, most notably Austria...
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Saddam Hussein Plaque in Babylon
Modern mud-brick in a wall which was inscribed with Arabic language that mentions the name of Saddam Hussein as the president and protector of the great Iraq, who had re-built Babylon in 1987-1988 CE .” This brick documents the first and...
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Merchant Houses, Bryggen, Bergen
Bryggen - "The German Dock", is the Hanseatic quarter in Bergen, Norway. The Hanseatic merchants traded stockfish from northern Norway in Bergen between the 14th and 18th centuries and exported to the Hanseatic towns in the Baltic and on...
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Cartouche of Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
The cartouche of Merenre Nemtyemsaf II, from the Abydos King List, Temple of Seti I, Abydos, Egypt
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The Annaberg Mountain Altar
The Annaberg Mountain Altar, painted by Hans Hesse (1470 - 1539 CE), was listed on the UNESCO World Heritage List as a part of the Ore Mountain Mining Region 2019 CE. The altar painting depicts the different types of work done in, or in connection...
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Bryggen, Bergen
Bryggen - "The German Dock", is the Hanseatic quarter in Bergen, Norway. The Hanseatic merchants traded stockfish from Northern norway in Bergen between the 14th and 18th centuries CE and exported to the Hanseatic towns in the Baltic and...
Definition
French Directory
The French Directory, or Directorate (French: le Directoire), was the government of France from 2 November 1795 until 9 November 1799, a period that spanned the last four years of the French Revolution (1789-1799). The Directory was unpopular...
Definition
French Consulate
The French Consulate was the government of the First French Republic from 10 November 1799 to 18 May 1804, spanning the last four years of the Republic's existence. Headed by Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) as First Consul, the Consulate served...