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Hundred Years' War
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Hundred Years' War

The Hundred Years' War (1337-1453) was an intermittent conflict between England and France lasting 116 years. It began principally because King Edward III (r. 1327-1377) and Philip VI (r. 1328-1350) escalated a dispute over feudal rights...
Charlemagne
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Charlemagne

Charlemagne (Charles the Great, also known as Charles I, l. 742-814) was King of the Franks (r. 768-814), King of the Franks and Lombards (r. 774-814), and Holy Roman Emperor (r. 800-814). He is among the best-known and most influential figures...
Battle of Agincourt
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Battle of Agincourt

The Battle of Agincourt on 25 October 1415 saw Henry V of England (r. 1413-1422) defeat an overwhelmingly larger French army during the Hundred Year's War (1337-1453). The English won thanks to the superior longbow, field position, and discipline...
Statue of Charlemagne
Image by Mark Kaswan

Statue of Charlemagne

Statue of Charlemagne (Charles the Great, also known as Charles I, l. 742-814 CE), King of the Franks (r. 768-814 CE), King of the Franks and Lombards (r. 774-814 CE), and Holy Roman Emperor (r. 800-814 CE), in front of the Notre Dame, Paris...
Charlemagne and the Carolingian Empire
Video by History Matters

Charlemagne and the Carolingian Empire

This episode of Ten Minute History (like a documentary, only shorter) covers the turmoil in the Frankish Kingdom which led to the rise of Charles Martel who famously defeated the invading forces of the Umayyad Caliphate at the Battle of Tours...
Coronation of Charlemagne
Image by Friedrich Kaulbach

Coronation of Charlemagne

The Coronation of Charlemagne, 1861 CE, by Friedrich Kaulbach (1822-1903 CE). The painting depicts the crowning of Charlemange (742-814 CE) as Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III (r. 795-816 CE) on 25 December 800 CE. From the collection...
The Comte d'Artois, Later Charles X of France
Image by Henri-Pierre Danloux

The Comte d'Artois, Later Charles X of France

Charles Philippe de France, comte d'Artois (1757-1836), during the French Revolution, oil on canvas painting by Henri-Pierre Danloux, 1798. As the youngest brother of King Louis XVI, Artois was one of the first emigres to flee France after...
Sculpture of Charlemagne - Abbey of Saint John at Müstair
Image by Wladyslaw Sojka

Sculpture of Charlemagne - Abbey of Saint John at Müstair

Sculpture of Charlemagne (Holy Roman Emperor r. 800-814 CE) in the Abbey of Saint John at Müstair, Switzerland. The Abbey, which began life as a monastery, is located in Switzerland's Graubünden Canton and was constructed in the late 8th...
Treaty of Troyes, 1420 CE
Image by French National Archives

Treaty of Troyes, 1420 CE

The ratification of the Treaty of Troyes, May 1420 CE. The treaty was signed between Henry V of England (r. 1413-1422 CE) and Charles VI of France (r. 1380-1422 CE) and agreed to nominate Henry as Charles' heir to the French throne. (French...
Roman Philosophy
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Roman Philosophy

Roman philosophy played a significant role in the growth and development of Western thought. While not involved directly in the development of original philosophical thought, Rome made significant contributions in two ways: by conveying Greek...
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