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Cusco
Cuzco (also Cusco or Qosqo) was the religious and administrative capital of the Inca Empire which flourished in ancient Peru between c. 1400 and 1534 CE. The Incas controlled territory from Quito to Santiago, making theirs the largest empire...
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Impression, Sunrise by Monet
An 1872 oil on canvas, Impression, Sunrise, by Claude Monet (1840-1926), the French impressionist painter. The work shows Le Havre at sunrise. Critics reacted negatively to the painting, considering it vague and unfinished. The title was...
Definition
Levant
Levant is the name applied widely to the eastern Mediterranean coastal lands of Asia Minor and Phoenicia (modern-day Turkey, Syria, and Lebanon). In a wider sense, the term can be used to encompass the entire coastline from Greece to Egypt...
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Herodian Tetrarchy in the Levant, c. 5 CE
A map illustrating the geopolitical situation in the Levant after Herod the Great's death (an ambitious ruler appointed as the King of Judea by the Roman Senate in 37 BCE ). The Herodian Tetrarchy, established by Herod the Great's will, divided...
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Muslim Invasion of the Levant, 634 CE
A map depicting the Muslim invasion into the Levant, then controlled by the Byzantine Empire, in 634 CE.
Definition
Knights Templar
The Knights Templar were established c. 1119 and given papal recognition in 1129. It was a Catholic medieval military order whose members combined martial prowess with a monastic life to defend Christian holy sites and pilgrims in the Middle...
Definition
Second Crusade
The Second Crusade (1147-1149 CE) was a military campaign organised by the Pope and European nobles to recapture the city of Edessa in Mesopotamia which had fallen in 1144 CE to the Muslim Seljuk Turks. Despite an army of 60,000 and the presence...
Definition
Astarte
Astarte is the Canaanite/Phoenician goddess of love, sex, war, and hunting who developed from the Mesopotamian deity Inanna/Ishtar. She is usually associated with the storm god Baal but seems to have been much more popular. She traveled to...
Definition
Eighth Crusade
The Eighth Crusade of 1270 CE was, like the Seventh Crusade (1248-1254 CE), led by the French king Louis IX (r. 1226-1270 CE). As previously, the idea was to attack and defeat the Muslims first in Egypt and then either reconquer or negotiate...
Definition
Ancient Israelite Art
Ancient Israelite art traditions are evident especially on stamps seals, ivories from Samaria, and carvings, each with motifs connecting it to more general artistic traditions throughout the Levant. Ancient Israel, and therefore its art...