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Leif Erikson
Definition by Emma Groeneveld

Leif Erikson

Leif Erikson (also spelled Leif Eriksson, Old Norse Leifr Eiríksson), nicknamed Leif 'the Lucky', was a Norse Viking who is best known for arguably being the first European to have set foot on North American soil along with his crew c. 1000...
Gustavus Adolphus
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Gustavus Adolphus

Gustavus Adolphus (l. 1594-1632; r. 1611-1632) was the King of Sweden who elevated his country to a major power in the 17th century. He also is traditionally recognized as the "Father of Modern Warfare" for his military innovations and his...
Twelve Great Viking Leaders
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Twelve Great Viking Leaders

The Viking Age (c. 790-1100 CE) transformed every aspect of the cultures the Norse came in contact with. The Vikings usually struck without warning and, in the early years, left with their plunder and slaves to be sold as quickly as they...
Erik the Red Statue, Greenland
Image by Claire Rowland

Erik the Red Statue, Greenland

A modern statue of Erik the Red (c. 950-c. 1003 CE) in Greenland, the land where he is credited with forming the first settlement.
Vinland
Definition by Emma Groeneveld

Vinland

Vinland (Old Norse Vínland, 'Wine Land') is the name given to the lands explored and briefly settled by Norse Vikings in North America around 1000 CE, particularly referring to Newfoundland, where a Viking site known as L'Anse aux Meadows...
Interview with Gordon Campbell
Article by Kelly Macquire

Interview with Gordon Campbell

In this interview, World History Encyclopedia talks to author and scholar Gordon Campbell all about his new book Norse America: The Story of a Founding Myth published by Oxford University Press. Kelly (WHE): Thanks for joining me today...
Viking Age Greenland
Article by Emma Groeneveld

Viking Age Greenland

Greenland was drawn into the Viking Age and settled by Norse Vikings in the late 980s CE, their presence there lasting into the 15th century CE. Despite its ice-riddled geography, the Norse managed to carve out a living for themselves in...
Freydis Eiríksdóttir
Image by Luc Van Braekel

Freydis Eiríksdóttir

Freydis Eiríksdóttir (c. 970-c. 1004 CE) was either a great woman warrior or an evil, conniving murderess depending on which of the two stories about her one reads. She appears in Erik the Red’s Saga (where she is the heroine) and The Saga...
Book of the Heavenly Cow
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Book of the Heavenly Cow

The Book of the Heavenly Cow is an ancient Egyptian text dealing with the rebellion of humanity against the sun god Ra, his destruction of the rebels through the goddess Hathor, the reversal of this decision and Ra's mercy, and his ascent...
Photograph of Debussy & Stravinsky
Image by Erik Satie

Photograph of Debussy & Stravinsky

A 1910 photograph taken by Erik Satie of the French composer Claude Debussy (1962-1918) and, seated, Igor Stravinsky (1882-1971). (Bibliothèque de l'Opéra Garnier, Paris)
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