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Silver Continental Dollar, 1776
A silver Continental dollar minted in 1776. This currency is thought to have been designed by Benjamin Franklin and minted by Elisha Gallaudet at a private mint in Freehold, New Jersey. This early run of coins was produced for approval by...
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Colonial American Currency
Colonial American currency was a work in progress from the time of the earliest English settlements of the 1600s until the United States of America minted its own money in 1783. The monetary system was far from standardized, and trade within...
Definition
Benjamin Hornigold
Captain Benjamin Hornigold was a British pirate active in the Caribbean and North Atlantic from 1716 to 1717. Hornigold’s greatest claim to fame (or infamy) is that he taught the pirating ropes to Edward Teach, aka Blackbeard (d. 1718). Giving...
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The Real Pirates of the Caribbean
The real pirates of the Caribbean operated during the Golden Age of Piracy (1690-1730) terrorizing merchant ships and colonial ports to grab gold, liquor, and any cargo they fancied during their adventurous but almost always short careers...
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The Spanish Main and Caribbean Pirate Havens c. 1670
A map illustrating the routes of the Treasure Fleet (the New Spain and the Terra Firma Fleet) alongside the Spanish Main (the parts of the Spanish Empire on the mainland of the Americas with coastlines on the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of...
Definition
Near East
The Near East is a modern-age term for the region formerly known as the Middle East comprising Armenia, Cyprus, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, and part of Turkey, corresponding to ancient Urartu, Mesopotamia...
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Eight-Dollar Continental Bill, 1775
An eight-dollar bill minted by the Continental Congress in 1775. Collection of the Baker Library, Harvard Business School.
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Spanish Silver Dollar, 1771
Spanish silver dollar from the reign of Charles III of Spain (r. 1759–1788). Minted in Mexico, under the authority of the Kingdom of Spain, 1771.
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Henry Every
Henry Every (b. 1653), also known as Henry Avery, Benjamin Bridgeman, ‘Long Ben’ and (incorrectly) John Avery, was one of the most savage and successful pirates in the Golden Age of Piracy. Capturing a treasure ship of the Mughal emperor...
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The Spice Trade & the Age of Exploration
One of the major motivating factors in the European Age of Exploration was the search for direct access to the highly lucrative Eastern spice trade. In the 15th century, spices came to Europe via the Middle East land and sea routes, and spices...