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Matilda of Tuscany
Matilda of Canossa (c. 1046-1115), the Countess of Tuscany (r. 1055-1115) and Vice-Queen of Italy (r. 1111-1115), was the final head of the noble House of Canossa following the deaths of her father in 1052 and her elder brother in 1055. One...
Definition
Thomas Wolsey
Thomas Wolsey, Cardinal Archbishop of York (l. c. 1473-1530 CE) served as Lord Chancellor to Henry VIII of England (r. 1509-1547 CE) from around 1513 CE to 1529 CE. Wolsey rose to become the most powerful man in England after the king, he...
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The Education of Achilles
The Education of Achilles, oil on canvas by Auguste-Clément Chrétien, 1861.
Article
Unam Sanctam: Spiritual Authority & the Medieval Church
The Unam Sanctam (1302) was a papal bull issued by Pope Boniface VIII (served 1294-1303) requiring the complete submission of all people, including kings, to the authority and dictates of the pope. As the Church was understood as holding...
Article
Mythological Re-Enactments in Ancient Roman Spectacle
To this day the ancient Romans remain infamous for their dramatic use of spectacle and other forms of entertainment. A lesser known variation of Roman spectacle is the mythological re-enactments that took place during the ludi meridiani (midday...
Article
The Arch of Constantine, Rome
The Arch of Constantine I, erected in c. 315 CE, stands in Rome and commemorates Roman Emperor Constantine's victory over the Roman tyrant Maxentius on 28th October 312 CE at the battle of Milvian Bridge in Rome. It is the largest surviving...
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Pope Clement VII by Sebastiano del Piombo
A 1526 CE portrait by Sebastiano del Piombo of Pope Clement VII (r. 1523-1534 CE). (National Museum of Capodimonte, Naples, Italy)
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Clement of Alexandria
Drawing of Clement of Alexandria (c. 150-215 CE) by French author André Thévet (1516–1590)
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Sack of Rome (1527 CE)
The Papal Swiss Guard make a last stand during the Sack of Rome in 1527 CE, illustrated by Zvonimir Grbasic. Courtesy of Medieval Warfare Magazine / Karwansaray Publishers.
Video
The Controversial Origins of the Encyclopedia - Addison Anderson
View full lesson: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-controversial-origins-of-the-encyclopedia-addison-anderson The first encyclopedia contained 70,000 entries and over 20,000,000 words. It was broken into 35 volumes written over the course...