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Benjamin Hornigold
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Benjamin Hornigold

Captain Benjamin Hornigold was a British pirate active in the Caribbean and North Atlantic from 1716 to 1717. Hornigold’s greatest claim to fame (or infamy) is that he taught the pirating ropes to Edward Teach, aka Blackbeard (d. 1718). Giving...
Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
Definition by James Hancock

Periplus of the Erythraean Sea

The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea is an eyewitness account of ancient travel to Africa and India via the Red Sea written by an unknown Greek-speaking Egyptian author in the 1st century CE. In this detailed account, the conditions of the...
The Real Pirates of the Caribbean
Collection by Mark Cartwright

The Real Pirates of the Caribbean

The real pirates of the Caribbean operated during the Golden Age of Piracy (1690-1730) terrorizing merchant ships and colonial ports to grab gold, liquor, and any cargo they fancied during their adventurous but almost always short careers...
Zheng Yi Sao
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Zheng Yi Sao

Zheng Yi Sao (aka Ching Shih, Cheng I Sao, Ching Yih Saou or Mrs Cheng, d. 1844) was the chief of a massive pirate confederation which plundered the South China Sea in the early 19th century. She inherited the role from her late husband...
Tulum
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Tulum

Tulum, on the east coast of the Yucatan peninsula in southern Mexico, was an important Mesoamerican centre which displayed both Maya and Toltec influence. Tulum was a major trading and religious centre between the 11th and 16th centuries...
Periplus of the Euxine Sea by Arrian
Image by UB Basel

Periplus of the Euxine Sea by Arrian

Beginning of the Periplus of the Euxine Sea by Arrian of Nicomedia, Johann Froben and Nicolaus Episcopius, Basel 1533. Basel University Library. The Periplus of the Euxine Sea (Latin: Periplus Ponti Euxini, Greek: Períplous toû Euxeínou...
Dancing Scene in the Caribbean
Image by Agostino Brunias / Tate

Dancing Scene in the Caribbean

Dancing Scene in the Caribbean, oil on canvas by Agostino Brunias, sometime between 1764 and 1796. The painting depicts men and women of African descent dancing on a Caribbean island, most likely St. Vincent or Dominica, where the Italian-born...
The Spanish Main & the West Indies c.1720
Image by Simeon Netchev

The Spanish Main & the West Indies c.1720

A map illustrating the changing balance of colonial power among the Spanish, English, and French Empires in the 1700s along the coastlines of the Americas, specifically in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. This region, referred to...
Buccaneer
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Buccaneer

The buccaneers were privateers who attacked enemies of their state, namely Spain, in the Caribbean and on the American coast (the Spanish Main) throughout the 17th century. Initially hunters and then seamen and soldiers, the buccaneers successfully...
Sugar & the Rise of the Plantation System
Article by James Hancock

Sugar & the Rise of the Plantation System

From a humble beginning as a sweet treat grown in gardens, sugar cane cultivation became an economic powerhouse, and the growing demand for sugar stimulated the colonization of the New World by European powers, brought slavery to the forefront...
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