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French Revolution
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

French Revolution

The French Revolution (1789-1799) was a period of major societal and political upheaval in France. It witnessed the collapse of the monarchy, the establishment of the First French Republic, and culminated in the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte...
Prairial Uprising
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Prairial Uprising

The Uprising of 1 Prairial Year III (20 May 1795) was the last major popular insurrection during the French Revolution (1789-1799). It was the final time that the sans-culottes played an important role in French politics until the revolutions...
Fall of Maximilien Robespierre
Article by Harrison W. Mark

Fall of Maximilien Robespierre

The fall of Maximilien Robespierre, or the Coup of 9 Thermidor, was a series of events that resulted in the arrests and executions of Robespierre and his allies on 27-28 July 1794. It signaled the end of the Reign of Terror, the end of Jacobin...
13 Vendémiaire
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

13 Vendémiaire

The Revolt of 13 Vendémiaire Year IV (5 October 1795) was a royalist uprising in Paris during the French Revolution (1789-1799). In response to the anti-royalist policies of the Thermidorian Reaction, 25,000 Parisians rose in revolt but were...
Arrest of the Girondins at the National Convention
Image by Unknown

Arrest of the Girondins at the National Convention

Arrest of the Girondin deputies by the National Guard at the National Convention, during the Insurrection of 2 June 1793, print by an unknown artist, c. 1817-1857. Musée Carnavalet, Paris.
Fall of Robespierre in the National Convention, 27 July 1794
Image by Max Adamo

Fall of Robespierre in the National Convention, 27 July 1794

Fall of Maximilien Robespierre on the floor of the National Convention, 27 July 1794 (9 Thermidor Year II). Oil on canvas by Max Adamo, 1870. Alte Nationalgalerie, Berlin.
Abbé Sieyès, as a Member of the National Convention
Image by François Bonneville

Abbé Sieyès, as a Member of the National Convention

Abbé Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès (1748-1836) as a member of the National Convention during the French Revolution (1789-99), engraving by François Bonneville, 1797. Bibliotheque nationale de France, Paris.
Thermidorian Reaction
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Thermidorian Reaction

The Thermidorian Reaction refers to the period of the French Revolution (1789-1799) between the fall of Maximilien Robespierre on 27-28 July 1794 and the establishment of the French Directory on 2 November 1795. The Thermidorians abandoned...
Henry Laurens
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Henry Laurens

Henry Laurens (1724-1792) was an American statesman from South Carolina who played an important role in the politics of the American Revolution (1765-1789). He served as president of the Second Continental Congress from 1777-78 and presided...
Louis-Antoine de Saint-Just
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Louis-Antoine de Saint-Just

Louis-Antoine de Saint-Just (1767-1794) was a prominent figure of the French Revolution (1789-1799). After his election to the National Convention in September 1792, he led the push for the execution of King Louis XVI of France (r. 1774-1792...
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