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Greek Fire
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Greek Fire

Greek Fire was an incendiary weapon first used in Byzantine warfare in 678 CE. The napalm of ancient warfare, the highly flammable liquid was made of secret ingredients and used both in catapulted incendiary bombs and sprayed under pressure...
St. Anthony's Fire
Definition by John Horgan

St. Anthony's Fire

St. Anthony's Fire (SAF) is an illness brought on by the ingestion of fungus-contaminated rye grain causing ergot poisoning (ergotism). The disease's common name derives from the medieval Benedictine monks dedicated to that saint who offered...
Medieval Hygiene
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Medieval Hygiene

People in the Middle Ages have acquired something of a bad reputation when it comes to cleanliness, especially the peasantry. However, despite the general lack of running water and other modern amenities, there were common expectations of...
Fire Temple
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Fire Temple

Fire Temples are places of worship in the Zoroastrian religion. They were known as ataskada (“house of fire”) by the Persians but are best known today by their Greek name pyratheia (fire temple). They are thought to have originated from the...
The Aztec New Fire Ceremony
Article by Mark Cartwright

The Aztec New Fire Ceremony

The New Fire Ceremony, also known as the Binding of the Years Ceremony, was a ritual held every 52 years in the month of November on the completion of a full cycle of the Aztec solar year (xiuhmopilli). The purpose of it was none other than...
Aztec New Fire Ceremony
Image by Unknown Artist

Aztec New Fire Ceremony

The lighting of fires during the Aztec New Fire Ceremony of 1507 CE, a ritual held every 52 years to ensure the continuation of the Sun. The priests carry fire bundles and wear turquoise masks in imitation of the fire god Xiuhtecuhtli, as...
The Great Fire of London, with Ludgate and Old St. Paul's
Image by Yale Center for British Art

The Great Fire of London, with Ludgate and Old St. Paul's

A c. 1670 anonymous painting titled The Great Fire of London, with Ludgate and Old St. Paul's. The Great Fire of London ravished the English capital in September 1666 destroying over 13,000 buildings. (Yale Center for British Art, Yale University...
The Great Fire of Rome, 64 CE.
Image by Hubert Robert

The Great Fire of Rome, 64 CE.

The Fire of Rome, 18 July 64 AD' by Hubert Robert, 1733-1808 CE. (Musee des Beaux-Arts Andre Malraux, Le Havre, France)
Xiuhtecuhtli
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Xiuhtecuhtli

Xiuhtecuhtli or 'Turquoise Lord' was the Aztec god of fire and also closely associated with young warriors and rulers. To the Maya he was known as Chac Xiutei. Xiuhtecuhtli was the patron of the day Atl (water) and the trecena period 1 Coatl...
Zoroastrianism
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Zoroastrianism

Zoroastrianism is the monotheistic faith established by the Persian prophet Zoroaster (also given as Zarathustra, Zartosht) between c. 1500-1000 BCE. It holds that there is one supreme deity, Ahura Mazda (Lord of Wisdom), creator and sustainer...
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