Search Results: Periplus of the Erythraean Sea

The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea is an eyewitness account of ancient travel to Africa and India via the Red Sea written by an unknown Greek-speaking Egyptian author in the 1st century CE. In this detailed account, the conditions of the...

This map is derived from the book Periplus of the Erythraean Sea. It depicts trade routes in the ancient world, ports in the Chera territory and other parts of India and the trade routes connecting them to other parts of the world along with...

The Periplus of the Euxine Sea (Circumnavigation of the Black Sea) is a description of trade routes along the shores of the Black Sea written by Arrian of Nicomedia (Lucius Flavius Arrianus), a historian and philosopher writing in the early...

Trade routes of the ancient Romans to Africa and India as described in the 1st-century CE Periplus of the Erythreaen Sea.

Since antiquity, pepper has always been the most important spice in the world. It played a central role in the medicines of ancient India and China, became a critical component of Roman food, and remained central in the cuisine of medieval...

A map illustrating a voyage around the Black Sea by Arrian of Nicomedia as described in "Periplus Ponti Euxini" (A Circumnavigation of the Black Sea). The Latin term "Periplus" is derived from the Greek word "periplous," meaning "a sailing-around."...

Beginning of the Periplus of the Euxine Sea by Arrian of Nicomedia, Johann Froben and Nicolaus Episcopius, Basel 1533. Basel University Library. The Periplus of the Euxine Sea (Latin: Periplus Ponti Euxini, Greek: Períplous toû Euxeínou...

A map showing the auxiliary forts located on the eastern end of the Black Sea during the reign of Roman emperor Hadrian (r. 117-138 CE). The Caucasus region was part of the eastern frontiers of the Roman Empire. About 131 CE, Arrian (as governor...

A recreation of a port in the Roman Empire. Courtesy of Ancient History Magazine / Karwansaray Publishers.

The Italian Peninsula or Apennine Peninsula is one of the three peninsulas of Southern Europe (the other two being the Iberian Peninsula and Balkan Peninsula), spanning 1,000 km from the Po Valley in the north to the central Mediterranean...