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Ninurta
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Ninurta

Ninurta (identified with Ningirsu, Pabilsag, and the biblical Nimrod) is the Sumerian and Akkadian hero-god of war, hunting, and the south wind. He first appears in texts in the early 3rd millennium BCE as an agricultural god and local deity...
Tukulti-Ninurta I
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Tukulti-Ninurta I

Tukulti-Ninurta I (reigned 1244-1208 BCE) was a king of the Assyrian Empire during the period known as the Middle Empire. He was the son of Shalmaneser I (reigned 1274-1245 BCE) who had completed the work of his father, Adad Nirari I, in...
Tiglath Pileser I
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Tiglath Pileser I

Tiglath Pileser I (reigned 1115-1076 BCE), an Assyrian king of the period known as the Middle Empire, revitalized the economy and the military that had been suffering, more or less, since the death of the king Tukulti Ninurta I (1244-1208...
Poor Man of Nippur
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Poor Man of Nippur

The Poor Man of Nippur (c. 701 BCE) is a Babylonian poem on the themes of the obligations of hospitality and revenge for an undeserved injury. A poor man of the city of Nippur feels mistreated when he visits the mayor and then goes to great...
Ashur
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Ashur

Ashur (also known as Assur) was an Assyrian city located on a plateau above the Tigris River in Mesopotamia (today known as Qalat Sherqat, northern Iraq). The city was an important center of trade, as it lay squarely on a caravan trade route...
Shedu-Lamassu from the Palace of Tukulti-Ninurta I
Image by Gryffindor

Shedu-Lamassu from the Palace of Tukulti-Ninurta I

Shedu-Lamassu (meaning a male lamassu) from Tukulti-Ninurta's palace, c. 1225 BCE. Vorderasiatisches Museum (Pergamon Museum), Berlin
Gypsum Stela of Ashurnasirpal II
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Gypsum Stela of Ashurnasirpal II

The Assyrian king worships gods (Ashur, Shamash, Sin, Adad, and Ishtar) and records his achievements. This freestanding gypsum monument was erected by King Ashurnasirpal II (reigned 883-859 BCE). This stela weighs over four tons and was erected...
Statue of a Monkey from Kar Tukulti-Ninurta
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Statue of a Monkey from Kar Tukulti-Ninurta

This black stone statue was found inside one of the palaces at Kar Tukulti-Ninurta (modern-day Tilul Al-Aqar, Salah Aldin Governorate, Iraq). Monkeys were imported to Mesopotamia from Africa or India; they are not native to Mesopotamia. Several...
Ninurta & Anzu
Image by The Trustees of the British Museum

Ninurta & Anzu

Neo-Assyrian wall panel relief depicting the Epic of Anzu, found in Kalhu.
Mesopotamian Warfare
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Mesopotamian Warfare

Ancient Mesopotamian warfare progressed from companies of a city's militia in Sumer to the professional standing armies of Akkad, Babylon, Assyria, and Persia and from conflicts over land or water rights to wars of conquest and political...
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