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Christopher Columbus
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Christopher Columbus

Christopher Columbus (l. 1451-1506 CE, also known as Cristoffa Corombo in Ligurian and Cristoforo Colombo in Italian) was a Genoese explorer (identified as Italian) who became famous in his own time as the man who discovered the New World...
The Norse in America: Fact and Fiction
Article by Gordon Campbell / Oxford University Press

The Norse in America: Fact and Fiction

The idea that it was the Norse who discovered America first emerged in the late 18th century, long before there was any public awareness of the sagas on which such claims were based. In the course of the 19th century, evidence for a Norse...
Dogs and Their Collars in Ancient Mesoamerica
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Dogs and Their Collars in Ancient Mesoamerica

Dogs were an integral aspect of the lives of the people of Mesoamerica regardless of their location or culture and, throughout the region, were recognized as liminal beings belonging not only to the natural world and that of humans but to...
Columbian Exchange
Definition by John Horgan

Columbian Exchange

The Columbian exchange is a term coined by Alfred Crosby Jr. in 1972 that is traditionally defined as the transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World of Europe and Africa and the New World of the Americas. The exchange...
European Colonization of the Americas
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

European Colonization of the Americas

The European colonization of the Americas was the process by which European settlers populated the regions of North, Central, South America, and the islands of the Caribbean. It is also recognized as the direct cause for the cultures of the...
Adelantado
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Adelantado

Adelantado was an office awarded by the Spanish Crown to conduct military campaigns in the medieval period but then repurposed during the Age of Exploration to grant an individual the right to privately fund expeditions of discovery and conquest...
Interview with Gordon Campbell
Article by Kelly Macquire

Interview with Gordon Campbell

In this interview, World History Encyclopedia talks to author and scholar Gordon Campbell all about his new book Norse America: The Story of a Founding Myth published by Oxford University Press. Kelly (WHE): Thanks for joining me today...
History vs. Christopher Columbus - Alex Gendler
Video by TED-Ed

History vs. Christopher Columbus - Alex Gendler

View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/history-vs-christopher-columbus-alex-gendler Many people in the United States and Latin America have grown up celebrating the anniversary of Christopher Columbus’s voyage. But was he an intrepid...
The Changing Interpretation of the Spanish Conquest in the Americas
Article by Oxford University Press

The Changing Interpretation of the Spanish Conquest in the Americas

The fall in 1519 of Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Mexica or Aztec Empire, as it was later called, laid the foundation for the Spanish colonial empire on the North American mainland. It was the first time that Europeans had subjugated a...
The Four Voyages of Christopher Columbus
Image by Simeon Netchev

The Four Voyages of Christopher Columbus

A map illustrating the four voyages of Christopher Columbus to the Americas between 1492 and 1504 superimposed on a scheme of the predominant ocean currents and winds of the North Atlantic.
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