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Eleanor of Aquitaine
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Eleanor of Aquitaine

Eleanor of Aquitaine (l. c. 1122-1204 CE) was one of the most impressive and powerful figures of the High Middle Ages (1000-1300 CE) – male or female – whose influence shaped the politics, art, medieval literature, and perception of women...
Courtly Love
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Courtly Love

Courtly Love (Amour Courtois) refers to an innovative literary genre of poetry of the High Middle Ages (1000-1300 CE) which elevated the position of women in society and established the motifs of the romance genre recognizable in the present...
Interview: Queens of Jerusalem, the Women Who Dared to Rule by Katherine Pangonis
Interview by Kelly Macquire

Interview: Queens of Jerusalem, the Women Who Dared to Rule by Katherine Pangonis

Join World History Encyclopedia as they chat with medievalist Katherine Pangonis, all about her new book Queens of Jerusalem, the Women Who Dared to Rule. Kelly: Do you want to start off by telling us what your book is all about? Katherine...
Chretien de Troyes
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Chretien de Troyes

Chretien de Troyes (l. c. 1130-1190 CE) was the greatest romantic poet of his era, regarded today as the Father of Arthurian Romance (along with Geoffrey of Monmouth) and also Father of the Novel owing to his narrative form. He was most likely...
Henry II of England
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Henry II of England

Henry II of England ruled from 1154 to 1189 CE. He gained the throne by negotiation with his predecessor King Stephen of England (r. 1135-1154 CE) following the civil war that had raged between that monarch and Henry's mother Empress Matilda...
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Image by Mark Cartwright

Eleanor of Aquitaine

Effigy of Eleanor of Aquitaine, Fontevraud Abbey, France. Eleanor of Aquitaine (l. c. 1122-1204) was one of the most powerful political figures – male or female – in the Middle Ages as a whole. She was the wife of Louis VII of France (r...
Richard I of England
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Richard I of England

Richard I of England, also known as Richard the Lionheart (Cœur de Lion), reigned as king of England from 1189 to 1199 CE. The son of Henry II of England (r. 1154-1189 CE) and Eleanor of Aquitaine (c. 1122-1204 CE), Richard was known for...
Twelve Famous Women of the Middle Ages
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Twelve Famous Women of the Middle Ages

Women in the Middle Ages were frequently characterized as second-class citizens by the Church and the patriarchal aristocracy. Women's status was somewhat elevated in the High and Late Middle Ages by the cult of the Virgin Mary and courtly...
Tomb of Henry II of England & Eleanor of Aquitane
Image by Mark Cartwright

Tomb of Henry II of England & Eleanor of Aquitane

The effigies of Henry II of England (r. 1154-1189) and his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine (l. c. 1122-1204 CE). Fontevraud Abbey, France.
Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine
Image by Panagiotis Constantinou

Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine

Face reconstruction of Eleanor of Aquitane (l. c. 1122-1204) based on her effigy from Fontevraud Abbey. She was Queen of France from 1137 to 1152 as the wife of King Louis VII of France, the Queen of England from 1154 to 1189 as the wife...
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